40 kN
The buckling load for a column pinned at both ends is 10 kN. If the ends are fixed, the buckling load changes to 40 kN.
30.19 mm
Min. clearance = Holemin – Shaftmax = 0.03 .......(i)
Max clearance = Holemin – Shaftmax = 0.30 ............(ii)
Shaftmax – Shaftmin = 0.08 ...............(iii)
Since, hole has unilateral tolerance,
Hmin = 30 mm
From eq. (i), we get
Shaftmax = 30 – 0.03 = 29.97 min
From eq. (iii), we get
Shaftmin = 29.89 mm
From eq. (ii), we get
Holemax = 30.19 mm
C only
Timing belts, toothed belts, cogged or cog belts, and synchronous belts are non-slipping mechanical drive belts. They are made as flexible belts with teeth moulded onto their inner surface. The belts run over matching toothed pulleys or sprockets. When correctly tensioned, these type of belts have no slippage, and are often used to transfer motion for indexing or timing purposes (hence their name). They are often used in lieu of chains or gears, so there is less noise and a lubrication bath is not necessary.
Toothed belts are used widely in mechanical devices, including sewing machines, photocopiers and many others. A major use of toothed belts is as the timing belt used to drive the camshafts within an automobile or motorcycle engine.
As toothed belts can deliver more power than a friction-drive belt, they are used for high-power transmissions. These include the primary drive of some motorcycles, notably later Harley-Davidsons; and the supercharger used for dragsters.
leads the sliding velocity vector by 90 degree
The Coriolis force acts in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis and to the velocity of the body in the rotating frame and is proportional to the object's speed in the rotating frame (more precisely, to the component of its velocity that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation).
Consider one simple example where both linear and angular motions are involved. Consider a link OB hinged at O rotating in clockwise direction with angular velocity .Consider a block sliding relative to the link with constant speed.
Sliding block experiences an acceleration whose direction is given by rotating the relative sliding velocity vector by 90 degree in the sense given by angular velocity of link. This acceleration is known as Coriolis component of acceleration
Hence Coriolis component is such that it leads the sliding velocity vector by 90 degree.
Pre-tensioning reduces the maximum tensile stress in the bolts
Bolts in the flanged end of a pressure vessel are usually pre-tensioned, because Pre-tensioning reduces the maximum tensile stress in the bolts.
