Drawing down
1)Drawing Down: Drawing down is a process of elongate the length and reduce the cross section area of work piece. Simply in this operation, the length of work piece increases and the cross section area decreases. In this process, a compressive force is applied at perpendicular direction of its length axis. If a tensile force is applied to change its length at parallel to its length axis, this process is known as wire drawing.
2) Upsetting: Upsetting is just opposite operation to drawing down. In this operation, the length of work piece decreases and its cross section area increases. In this process, a compressive force is applied at parallel direction to its length axis.
Extrusion
Open system
Classification of thermodynamic systems are
1. Closed system: Closed system is one in which boundary of the system does not allow the matter (mass) to cross it, then it is known as closed system. Here the system contains fixed or constant amount of matter (mass). Energy can cross the boundary. Heat and work are the only ways in which energy can be transferred between a closed system and its surroundings.
2. Open system: Open system is one in which boundary of the system allows the matter (mass) to flow into or out of the system, then it is known as open system. In open system matter (Mass) crosses the boundary of the system. Heat and work may also cross the boundary.
3. Isolated system: Isolated system is one in which boundary of the system does not allow the matter (mass) or the energy to flow into or out of the system, then it is known as isolated system. An isolated system in one which is completely uninfluenced by the surroundings. It is of fixed mass and no heat or work crosses the boundary of the system.
Temperature
Extensive properties The properties of the system, whose value for the entire system is equal to the sum of their values for the individual parts of the system, are called extensive properties.
For example, total volume, total mass and total energy of a system are extensive properties.
Intensive properties The properties of the system, whose value for the entire system is not equal to the sum of their values for the individual parts of the system, are called intensive properties.
For example, temperature, pressure and density of a system are intensive properties.