sway bracing
portal bracing
top lateral bracing
bottom lateral bracing
bearing and shear
bending and shear
bearing and bending
bearing, shear and bending
0.5 D
0.68 D
0.88 D
D
1.18
1.414
1.67
1.81
rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth
all rectangular beams
solid circular beams only
all square cross-section beams